Fuchs' Dystrophy
Fuchs' dystrophy progresses slowly and usually affects both eyes. It is more common in women than men and in people with a family history of the condition. Although the condition begins in the 20s and 30s, most people do not experience symptoms until their 50s or 60s.
This condition occurs when the cells of the endothelium (the innermost layer of the cornea) are damaged, causing fluid to accumulate and the cornea to swell. Symptoms include:
Squinting and light scattering
Blurred vision upon waking that improves during the day
Visual distortion
Sensitivity to light
Poor night vision
Seeing colored halos around lights
Small, painful blisters on the cornea
Eye pain
Corneal clouding
Diagnosis
Eye exam - The first step in diagnosing this condition is a complete eye exam by an eye doctor. Other tests may be done if necessary. During a slit lamp examination, the ophthalmologist uses magnification to assess the subtle changes in endothelial cells that are characteristic of Fuchs disease. The first clinical sign of Fuchs is a decrease in the number of corneal cells and the appearance of fine, drop-like lesions in the endothelial cells of the cornea called guttata. Another test your ophthalmologist may perform is a "pachymetry," or corneal thickness measurement, in which an increase in corneal thickness due to corneal swelling will be observed. Also, during a complete eye examination, a vision chart will be used to measure the level of vision, which will be reduced due to corneal swelling.
Eye pressure test - After numbing the eyes with anesthetic drops, the ophthalmologist will use a special instrument to measure the pressure in the eye.
Pachymetry, or corneal thickness measurement - The thickness of the cornea is measured using an optical instrument.
Corneal cell count - The number, size, and shape of corneal cells are measured with a special device.
Treatment
Eye drops and ointments - If the condition is not severe, your eye doctor may recommend eye drops or ointments to reduce swelling in your eyes.
Contact lenses - Soft contact lenses can help reduce the pain associated with the condition.
Corneal transplant surgery - People with advanced Fuchs' dystrophy may need surgery. In this procedure, the surgeon removes the endothelial layer of the cornea with special instruments or a laser, replaces it with a donor endothelial layer, and stitches it together.
Source:
https://umiamihealth.org/en/bascom-palmer-eye-institute