Choroidal Tumors Surgery

Tumors of the Choroid

There are several types of benign and malignant tumours that affect the eye and its different structures. The main intraocular tumours include:

• Melanoma: This can affect various tissues, although melanomas located in the choroid (choroidal melanomas) are the most common primary malignant intraocular tumour in adults. Its number of cases increases yet further if secondary tumours to other cancer processes are considered, which end up causing metastasis in the eye, such as breast or lung cancer.
• Retinoblastoma: Most common malignant eye tumour in children. It is very aggressive and, therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential.
• Choroidal Hemangioma: Benign tumour (no risk of metastasis) that, however, develops very quickly and aggressively, involving a risk to the eyesight because its growth threatens the optic nerve (transmitter of images from the retina to the brain) and the macula (central area of the retina that provides high-acuity vision).

What causes them?

Some tumours are congenital, such as 50% of all retinoblastomas that are passed on from one generation to another and affect 1 in every 15,000 newborns.

Others, such as intraocular melanomas, have no specific risk factors. Some can be associated with other syndromes, be secondary to conditions affecting adjacent areas or be due to a process of metastasis.

Treatments

Treatment of eye tumours depends on their type, location and size. Malignant tumours generally require removal through micro-incision surgery, which may be backed up with chemotherapy or local radiotherapy in coordination with an oncologist and has a great success rate.

For choroidal melanomas, the therapy of choice is normally brachytherapy, which consists of a radioactive ruthenium or iodine plate being located in the tumoural region for a few days. Given that it is local, it avoid external radiation and reduces any side effects, making it a minimally invasive option.

Furthermore, choroidal hemangiomas are often treated using photodynamic therapy and retinoblastomas with a combination of laser chemotherapy and cryotherapy.

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