In central serous retinopathy, or CSR, the retina separates from the layer underneath it (the choroid) and fluid builds up in the space created. It is more common in men than women and is most common in people between the ages of 20 and 50. It usually affects one eye, and most people who have it will have it again.
What causes central serous retinopathy?
It is not known what causes the retina to separate and fluid to build up underneath it (interstitial fluid leak), but research suggests that stress can make it worse (people who are always anxious are known as Type A personalities). A group of medications called corticosteroids can also cause or worsen CSR. Increased levels of the hormone cortisol (often higher in people with sleep apnea, Cushing's syndrome, or those who work irregular shifts) also seem to increase the risk. There is also evidence that CSR can be caused by a bacterial infection called H. pylori, certain medications, or even pregnancy.
Symptoms
Blurred vision in one eye
Seeing dark spots or spots in the center of your vision
Blurred and distorted vision
Seeing objects smaller than usual
Treatment
In most cases, the fluid will resolve on its own without any treatment. Most people with CSR will regain most or all of the vision they had before. After three months, if the fluid buildup is still there, medical intervention may be needed to prevent further damage to the retina.
One treatment option is to use a laser to remove the fluid leak under the macula and burn off the leaking vessels, but it cannot be used too close to the center of the macula, as it may damage your center of vision. In this case, you may be offered photodynamic therapy (PDT laser), which uses a special light-activated drug that does not damage the macula. The patient should also make lifestyle changes, such as reducing stress or stopping any medications that could worsen the condition.