Lutein and zeaxanthin are two types of carotenoids that are yellow to red pigments found widely in vegetables and other plants. Although lutein is known as a yellow pigment, it is orange-red in high concentrations.
Food sources: Spinach, kale, broccoli, dark green leafy vegetables, squash
Cooked spinach is one of the best food sources of lutein and zeaxanthin.
In nature, lutein and zeaxanthin seem to absorb excess sunlight (to protect plants from too much light, especially high-energy rays of light called blue light).
In addition to being found in many green leafy plants and colorful fruits and vegetables, lutein and zeaxanthin are also present in high amounts in the macula of the human eye, which is why the macula is yellow.
Recent research has discovered a third carotenoid, mesozeaxanthin, in the macula. This pigment is not found in dietary sources and appears to be formed from the metabolism of lutein in the retina.
Lutein and zeaxanthin have important antioxidant functions in the body. Along with other natural antioxidants, including vitamin C, beta-carotene, and vitamin E, these important pigments protect the body from the harmful effects of free radicals. (Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and are implicated in many diseases.)
In addition to its many benefits for the eyes and vision, lutein may protect the body from atherosclerosis (the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries), a disease that leads to heart attacks.
Benefits of Lutein and Zeaxanthin
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and mesozeaxanthin found in the macula are believed to block blue light from reaching the underlying layers of the retina, thereby reducing the risk of light-induced oxidative damage (which can lead to macular degeneration).
Source: www.allaboutvision.com